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Au début du xxe siècle, un médecin marseillais, le docteur Marcelin Carbonell, accompagna un groupe de pèlerins d’Asie centrale vers La Mecque. À son retour, il témoigna de la misère de ceux qu’il avait côtoyés pendant plusieurs semaines. En cette période, en effet, le chemin vers l’Arabie était semé d’embûches. La Mecque et le Hedjaz connaissaient souvent des épidémies meurtrières. Les souffrances de pèlerins étaient aussi le fait d’hommes profitant de l’obligation pour les musulmans de se rendre à La Mecque. Le récit du docteur Carbonell donne un aperçu de l’état de la médecine au tournant du siècle, lorsque l’hygiène s’imposait comme un dogme.

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Le trachome, infection oculaire pouvant entraîner la cécité, touche plus de 80 millions d’individus dans le monde. Encore présent avant la Première Guerre mondiale dans les pays européens, il en a disparu grâce au développement socio-économique. Sa persistance dans les régions les plus pauvres du globe peut être considérée comme un stigmate de la pauvreté. Pourtant cette maladie, première cause de cécité d’origine infectieuse dans le monde, peut être prévenue et traitée à l’aide d’un certain nombre de mesures de santé publique. Des actions d’envergure ont ainsi été entreprises depuis une dizaine d’années au niveau mondial sous l’égide de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé, avec l’ambition d’éliminer le trachome cécitant d’ici l’an 2020. Les mesures médicales et chirurgicales mises en œuvre sont associées à des campagnes éducatives et sanitaires visant à améliorer l’hygiène et l’environnement. Cet ouvrage retrace l’histoire du trachome et offre une synthèse des connaissances actuelles. Il fait le point sur les déterminants biologiques et sociaux de cette maladie complexe, expose les différentes composantes de la stratégie de lutte et présente les données épidémiologiques les plus récentes concernant l’Afrique subsaharienne, région du monde particulièrement touchée. À la fois documenté et pédagogique, l’ouvrage dresse le bilan d’une maladie qui reste un important problème de santé publique dans les pays du Sud.

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Bacterial --- Bacterial Conjunctivitis --- Conjunctivitis, Mucopurulent --- Conjunctivitis, Purulent --- Conjunctivitides, Mucopurulent --- Conjunctivitides, Purulent --- Mucopurulent Conjunctivitides --- Mucopurulent Conjunctivitis --- Purulent Conjunctivitides --- Purulent Conjunctivitis --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Community Healthcare --- Health Services, Community --- Services, Community Health --- Community Health Care --- Care, Community Health --- Community Health Service --- Community Healthcares --- Health Care, Community --- Health Service, Community --- Healthcare, Community --- Healthcares, Community --- Service, Community Health --- Public Health Administration --- Social Work --- Community Health Planning --- Corneal Disease --- Disease, Corneal --- Diseases, Corneal --- Bacterial Ocular Infections --- Infections, Bacterial Eye --- Infections, Bacterial Ocular --- Bacterial Eye Infections --- Ocular Infections, Bacterial --- Bacterial Eye Infection --- Bacterial Ocular Infection --- Eye Infection, Bacterial --- Infection, Bacterial Eye --- Ocular Infection, Bacterial --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- prevention & control --- Trachoma. --- Preventive Health Services. --- Communicable Disease Control. --- Africa South of the Sahara. --- Subsaharan Africa --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- Flatten the Curve of Epidemic --- Flattening the Curve, Communicable Disease Control --- pauvreté --- méthode de lutte --- infection --- vitamine --- prévention sanitaire --- insecticide --- antibiotique --- diagnostic --- sensibilité résistance