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In the seventeenth-century English Atlantic, religious beliefs and practices played a central role in creating racial identity. English Protestantism provided a vocabulary and structure to describe and maintain boundaries between insider and outsider. In this path-breaking study, Heather Miyano Kopelson peels back the layers of conflicting definitions of bodies and competing practices of faith in the puritan Atlantic, demonstrating how the categories of “white, ”“black,” and “Indian” developed alongside religious boundaries between “Christian” and “heathen” and between “Catholic” and “Protestant. ”Faithful Bodies focuses on three communities of Protestant dissent in the Atlantic World: Bermuda, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. In this “puritan Atlantic,” religion determined insider and outsider status: at times Africans and Natives could belong as long as they embraced the Protestant faith, while Irish Catholics and English Quakers remained suspect. Colonists ’interactions with indigenous peoples of the Americas and with West Central Africans shaped their understandings of human difference and its acceptable boundaries. Prayer, religious instruction, sexual behavior, and other public and private acts became markers of whether or not blacks and Indians were sinning Christians or godless heathens. As slavery became law, transgressing people of color counted less and less as sinners in English puritans’ eyes, even as some of them made Christianity an integral part of their communities. As Kopelson shows, this transformation proceeded unevenly but inexorably during the long seventeenth century.

RELIGION / Christian Life / General. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Discrimination & Race Relations. --- HISTORY / United States / Colonial Period (1600-1775). --- Ethnicity --- Protestantism --- Puritans --- Precisians --- Church polity --- Congregationalism --- Puritan movements --- Calvinism --- Christianity --- Church history --- Protestant churches --- Reformation --- Ethnic identity --- Group identity --- Cultural fusion --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Religious aspects --- History --- Social aspects --- Bermuda Islands --- Rhode Island --- Massachusetts --- Great Britain --- Massachusetts-Bay (State) --- Massachusetts Bay (Province) --- Province of Massachusetts Bay --- Commonwealth of Massachusetts --- Massaçusets --- Штат Масачусетс --- Shtat Masachusets --- Масачусетс --- Masachusets --- Масачузетс --- Masachuzets --- Cymanwlad Massachusetts --- Méésíchóoshish Hahoodzo --- Massachusettsi osariik --- Μασαχουσετη --- Masachousetē --- Κοινοπολιτεια της Μασαχουσετης --- Koinopoliteia tēs Masachousetēs --- Mancomunidad de Massachusetts --- Masaĉuseco --- Mà-sat-tsû-set --- Makakukeka --- Persemakmuran Massachusetts --- Maasaasuusiits --- מסצ'וסטס --- Masatsʼuseṭs --- קהיליית מסצ'וסטס --- Ḳehiliyat Masatsʼuseṭs --- Masachosèt --- Massachusetta --- Massachuseta --- Massaciusseta --- Respublica Massachusettensis --- Respublica Massachusettensium --- Masačūsetsa --- Masačusetsas --- Masačusets --- Массачусеттс --- Massachusettsiĭn Khamtyn Nȯkhȯrlȯl --- Tlahtohcāyōtl Massachusetts --- マサチューセッツ州 --- Masachūsettsu-shū --- Masachūsettsushū --- Массачусетс --- Massachusets --- Комонвелт Масачусетса --- Komonvelt Masačusetsa --- Komonwelt ng Masatsusets --- Estado ng Masatsusets --- Massachusetts Eyaleti --- Співдружність Массачусетса --- Spivdruz︠h︡nistʹ Massachusetsa --- Khối thịnh vượng chung Massachusetts --- מאסאטשוסעטס --- Masaṭshuseṭs --- קאמאנוועלט פון מאַסאַטשוסעסט --- Ḳomonṿelṭ fun Masaṭshuseṭs --- Masačusetsos --- US-MA --- MA (State) --- MS (State : Massachusetts) --- Mass. (State) --- Maine --- Territory and Dominion of New-England --- State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations --- Rod-Aĭlend --- Rhode Island and Providence Plantations --- RI (Rhode Island) --- Bermuda --- Bermudas --- Somers Islands --- Summer Islands --- Sommer Islands --- Islands of Bermuda --- Summer Isles --- Somers Isles --- La Garza --- Garza --- Virgineola --- Isle of Devils --- Isles of Devils --- Devils, Isle of --- Devils, Isles of --- Summers Islands --- Barmudas --- Bermoothes --- Bermudes --- Government of Bermuda --- Colony of Bermuda --- BMU --- BM --- The Bermudas --- Colonies --- Race relations --- Social aspects&delete&