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Following the birth of the laser in 1960, the field of "nonlinear optics" rapidly emerged. Today, laser intensities and pulse durations are readily available, for which the concepts and approximations of traditional nonlinear optics no longer apply. In this regime of "extreme nonlinear optics," a large variety of novel and unusual effects arise, for example frequency doubling in inversion symmetric materials or high-harmonic generation in gases, which can lead to attosecond electromagnetic pulses or pulse trains. Other examples of "extreme nonlinear optics" cover diverse areas such as solid-state physics, atomic physics, relativistic free electrons in a vacuum and even the vacuum itself. This book starts with an introduction to the field based primarily on extensions of two famous textbook examples, namely the Lorentz oscillator model and the Drude model. Here the level of sophistication should be accessible to any undergraduate physics student. Many graphical illustrations and examples are given. The following chapters gradually guide the student towards the current "state of the art" and provide a comprehensive overview of the field. Every chapter is accompanied by exercises to deepen the reader's understanding of important topics, with detailed solutions at the end of the book.

Nonlinear optics --- Optique non linéaire --- Nonlinear optics. --- Light & Optics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Optics. --- Optique non linéaire --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVPHYSI SPRINGER-B --- Optics, Nonlinear --- Physics. --- Gravitation. --- Electrodynamics. --- Quantum optics. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Engineering. --- Optics and Electrodynamics. --- Engineering, general. --- Quantum Optics. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Light --- Optics --- Lasers --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Complex Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Mathematical statistics --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Statistical methods --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Statics --- Dynamics --- Properties --- Acqui 2006 --- Dynamics.

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Criminal behavior --- Forensic psychology --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Cross-cultural studies --- Criminal behavior - Cross-cultural studies --- Forensic psychology - Cross-cultural studies --- Criminal justice, Administration of - Cross-cultural studies

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This book reviews several aspects of the biological response to nanoscale particles on a molecular and cellular level. Nanoscale materials and nanoscale particles in particular have interesting properties and beneficial applications. While they thus have entered our daily lifes on many different levels (from electronics, over textiles, packaging or surface modifications, to biomedical applications), general rules describing their interaction with biological structures and biological matter are still difficult to derive. The existing literature suggests a variety of interaction schemes between nanoparticles and biological objects, not dispelling the public concerns about possible health effects and harmful properties. A systematic approach to the problem is needed and timely. This book specifically emphasizes bioanalytical problems starting from the characterization of the nanomaterials to the pitfalls and potential artifacts of state-of-the-art cytotoxicity assays that are frequently used to study harmful effects on cells. It also highlights the application of label-free bioanalytical techniques that can potentially complement the present approaches and hence provide new perspectives on this highly discussed cutting-edge field of research and public concern.

Analytical Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nanostructured materials. --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Nanochemistry. --- Biochemistry. --- Medicine. --- Biotechnology. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Biomedicine general. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Nanoscale chemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Nanoscience --- Analytic biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Composition --- Analytical chemistry. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Biomedicine, general. --- Biological physics --- Physics --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Metallurgical analysis --- Mineralogy, Determinative --- Health Workforce --- Analytic chemistry

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This book is dedicated to label-free, non-invasive monitoring of cell-based assays and it comprises the most widely applied techniques. Each approach is described and critically evaluated by an expert in the field such that researchers get an overview on what is possible and where the limitations are. The book provides the theoretical basis for each technique as well as the most successful and exciting applications. Label-free bioanalytical techniques have been known for a long time as valuable tools to monitor adsorption processes at the solid-liquid interface in general – and biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) in particular. The underlying concepts have been progressively transferred to the analysis of cell-based assays. The strength of these approaches is implicitly given with the name 'label-free': the readout is independent of any label, reagent or additive that contaminates the system under study and potentially affects its properties. Thus, label-free techniques provide an unbiased analytical perspective in the sense that the sample is not manipulated by additives but pure. They are commonly based on physical principles and read changes in integral physical properties of the sample like refractive index, conductivity, capacitance or elastic modulus to mention just a few. Even though it is not implied in the name, label-free approaches usually monitor the cells under study non-invasively meaning that the amplitude of the signal (e.g. electric field strength, mechanical elongation) that is used for the measurement is too low to interfere or affect. In contrast to label-based analytical techniques that are commonly restricted to a single reading at a predefined time point, label-free approaches allow for a continuous observation so that the dynamics of the biological system or reaction become accessible.

Analytical chemistry. --- Nanochemistry. --- Laboratory medicine. --- Cell culture. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Laboratory Medicine. --- Cell Culture. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Biological assay. --- Assay, Biological --- Bioassay --- Biology --- Methodology --- Biological physics --- Medical sciences --- Physics --- Cultures (Biology) --- Cytology --- Clinical medicine --- Clinical pathology --- Diagnostic laboratory tests --- Laboratory diagnosis --- Laboratory medicine --- Medical laboratory diagnosis --- Diagnosis --- Pathology --- Nanoscale chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- Nanoscience --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytic chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Chemistry --- Technique

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Education, Humanistic. --- Universities and colleges --- Curricula.