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Examines the issue of moral hazard inrelation to IMF loans to countries in financial difficulties. Concerns about moral hazard have had a prominent place in recent discussions on how the architecture of the international financial system should be reformed and what the IMF’s role should be.

Loans, Foreign --- Banks and Banking --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Finance --- Finance: General --- Financial Crises --- Financial crises --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Financial risk management --- Financial services industry --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Industries: Financial Services --- Interest rates --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Moral hazard --- Systemically important financial institutions --- Yield curve --- Russian Federation

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China’s bond market is destined to play an increasingly important role, both at home and abroad. And the inclusion of the country’s bonds in global indexes will be a milestone for its financial market integration, bringing big opportunities as well as challenges for policymakers and investors alike. This calls for a good understanding of China’s bond market structure, its unique characteristics, and areas where reforms are needed. This volume comprehensively analyzes the different segments of China’s bond market, from sovereign, policy bank, and credit bonds, to the rapidly growing local government bond market. It also covers bond futures, green bonds, and asset-backed securities, as well as China’s offshore market, which has played a major role in onshore market development.

Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Climate change --- Climate --- Climatic changes --- Communicable diseases --- Covid-19 --- Debt sustainability --- Debts, External --- Deflation --- Diseases: Contagious --- Economics --- Environment --- Environmental Economics --- Exports and Imports --- External debt --- Food prices --- Global Warming --- Health Behavior --- Health --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- Inflation --- International economics --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary policy --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Political Economy --- Political economy --- Price Level --- Prices --- Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Banks --- Bonds --- Capital market --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Depository Institutions --- Derivative securities --- Finance --- Finance: General --- Financial instruments --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Interest rates --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Investment & securities --- Investments: Bonds --- Investments: General --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Mortgages --- Public finance & taxation --- Securities markets --- Securities --- Sovereign bonds --- Yield curve --- China, People's Republic of